Physics

2022 - 8 - 22

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Image courtesy of "Phys.Org"

Electron slow motion: Ion physics on the femtosecond scale (Phys.Org)

How do different materials react to the impact of ions? This is a question that plays an important role in many areas of research—for example, ...

"The results help us to understand how matter reacts to very short and very intense radiation exposure—not only to ions, but ultimately also to [electrons](https://phys.org/tags/electrons/) or light." [positive charge](https://phys.org/tags/positive+charge/), it generates an [electric field](https://phys.org/tags/electric+field/) and thus influences the electrons of the material—already before the impact, electrons of the material move in the direction of the impact site. [ultrashort laser pulses](https://phys.org/tags/ultrashort+laser+pulses/)—but in this case they would Deposit a lot of energy in the material and completely change the process. In both cases, however, the distribution of electrons in the material in turn influences the electrons that have already been released from the material—and for this reason, if they are carefully detected, these emitted electrons provide information about the temporal structure of the impact. "We were able to measure the number and energy of these electrons very precisely, compare the results with theoretical calculations contributed by our co-authors from Kiel University, and this allowed us to unravel what happens on a femtosecond scale." Xenon atoms, which have 54 electrons in their neutral state, are stripped of 20 to 40 electrons, and the strongly positively charged xenon ions that remain are then directed onto a thin layer of material.

American Physical Society Appoints Rachel Burley Chief ... (Physics)

Strategic hire to take the helm of the world's most influential physics journals.

The American Physical Society is a nonprofit membership organization working to advance and diffuse the knowledge of physics through its outstanding research journals, scientific meetings, and education, outreach, advocacy, and international activities. “Scientific publishing is evolving and APS has a critical role to play in meeting the needs of physicists globally,” said Burley. Throughout her career, Burley has embraced and delivered on the transition from subscription-based publishing model to open access (OA) publishing. [Journals](http://journals.aps.org/) “Rachel impressed us with her industry knowledge, proven leadership, and commitment to the values we hold dear in the physics community.” [APS](/index.cfm)

Nominees Sought for Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel ... (FYI: Science Policy News)

The High Energy Physics Advisory Panel is soliciting nominations of scientists to serve on the next Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5).

The panel is tasked with recommending a long-term strategic roadmap for the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation under different budget scenarios for particle physics. [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]). The High Energy Physics Advisory Panel is soliciting nominations of scientists to serve on the next Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5).

Physics & Astronomy Seminar: Dr. Beth Ellen Clark Joseph ... (Ithaca College)

You are invited to our next Physics & Astronomy Colloquium on Tuesday, August 30, 2022 from 12:10 to 1 pm in CNS 206/208.

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Image courtesy of "Nanowerk"

The electron slow motion: Ion physics on the femtosecond scale (Nanowerk)

When ions penetrate a material, highly complex processes take place - so fast that they could hardly be analyzed until now. But sophisticated measurements ...

In both cases, however, the distribution of electrons in the material in turn influences the electrons that have already been released from the material - and for this reason, if they are carefully detected, these emitted electrons provide information about the temporal structure of the impact. Only fast electrons can leave the material, slower electrons turn around, are recaptured, and do not end up in the electron detector. A careful analysis of the electrons that are emitted in the process was crucial: They can be used to reconstruct the temporal sequence of the processes - in a way, the measurement becomes an "electron slow-motion". "We were able to measure the number and energy of these electrons very precisely, compare the results with theoretical calculations contributed by our co-authors from Kiel University, and this allowed us to unravel what happens on a femtosecond scale." Xenon atoms, which have 54 electrons in their neutral state, are stripped of 20 to 40 electrons, and the strongly positively charged xenon ions that remain are then directed onto a thin layer of material. The result of an ion impact on a material is easy to study retrospectively.

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Image courtesy of "UNM Newsroom"

UNM physicist Nitant Kenkre recognized for lifetime achievements (UNM Newsroom)

It was in the winter of 1984 when a young physicist named Vasudev “Nitant” Kenkre wandered onto the campus at The University of New Mexico.

The latest among those books, on Interplay of Quantum Mechanics with Nonlinearity, dedicated by Kenkre to his undergraduate classmates and teachers, was selected for a special write-up in Nature Portfolio Community. He has also authored two philosophical books on Hinduism and a book on his poems and has signed a contract with Springer Nature to publish yet another physics book, on the Smoluchowski equation. "The Consortium of the Americas was a truly extraordinary visionary effort that made a tremendous difference in a new world that brought together scientists from this hemisphere, from this entire hemisphere, for interdisciplinary work. student and University of Missouri Distinguished Professor Paul Parris in the Festschrift. “They worked in an exciting intellectual atmosphere as they shared their knowledge and activities in workshops (more than 50 of them over the lifetime of the center) arranged or supported by the Consortium as well as in daily exchanges,” said Kenkre. “The recognition by your peers is very nice because you feel good that they have appreciated your work and have thought that it is important enough to honor you in this way, but much more touching is the participation of the students and what the students have said,” Kenkre said. Now, he is being honored and recognized by colleagues in several circles for his distinguished career as a statistical physicist, teacher, educator, and a magnet for his many accomplishments throughout the decades with a Festschrift, a collection of research articles and stories spawned by his work from some 50 scientists including former students and collaborators in his field from all over the world. Katja Lindenberg from UC San Diego, Distinguished Professor and Chancellor’s Endowed Chair – "A teacher among teachers,' Professor Kenkre is just about the very best educator of graduate and young postgraduate students that I have run across in all my years in this profession. My career at UNM was accordingly based on building bridges of physics with two quite different subjects: engineering (materials science) on the one hand and biology (more recently ecology as in the spread of epidemics) on the other.” He moved to the University of Rochester the following year and spent the next 12 years as an assistant and associate professor before moving to the high desert. Since then, Kenkre, who has been described as a physicist, humanist, humorist, magician, philosopher, scholar, writer, and more, has made an indelible mark in the world of interdisciplinary science not only at UNM but worldwide. “I wanted to be a poet, at least a writer in general, dabbling in languages and literature, nothing like a physicist.”

The electron slow motion: Ion physics on the femtosecond scale (Science Daily)

How do different materials react to the impact of ions? This is a question that plays an important role in many areas of research -- for example in nuclear ...

In both cases, however, the distribution of electrons in the material in turn influences the electrons that have already been released from the material -- and for this reason, if they are carefully detected, these emitted electrons provide information about the temporal structure of the impact. "The results help us to understand how matter reacts to very short and very intense radiation exposure -- not only to ions, but ultimately also to electrons or light." "We were able to measure the number and energy of these electrons very precisely, compare the results with theoretical calculations contributed by our co-authors from Kiel University, and this allowed us to unravel what happens on a femtosecond scale." Xenon atoms, which have 54 electrons in their neutral state, are stripped of 20 to 40 electrons, and the strongly positively charged xenon ions that remain are then directed onto a thin layer of material. However, it is difficult to understand the temporal sequence of such processes. How do different materials react to the impact of ions?

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Image courtesy of "physicsworld.com"

How Betelgeuse blew its top and lost its rhythm – Physics World (physicsworld.com)

The work confirms previous research that linked the obscuring cloud to a large cool spot observed on the surface of the star. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant ...

Meanwhile, inspired by Taniguchi’s success with weather satellites, Dupree and her colleagues plan to use archive data from the The Great Dimming came just after the 2100-day cycle reached a minimum brightness, which also coincided with a minimum in the 416-day cycle. He tells Physics World that “This new concept of a surface mass ejection sounds like the most reasonable one to explain all the observations”. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star that is about 548 light–years from Earth and is one of the brightest stars in the sky. Goldberg’s theory had been mostly forgotten, but since the Great Dimming it has been very much in line with current thinking. These pulsations are typical of red supergiant stars such as Betelgeuse, and their period varies from star to star depending upon the star’s mass. “I believe the intrinsic 416-day pulsation rate is still ongoing,” says Dupree. The work confirms previous research that linked the obscuring cloud to a large cool spot observed on the surface of the star. The researchers used observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and several other instruments to show how a large convective cell rising to the surface of the star could have ejected a huge amount of material into space – creating a cloud that blocked some of Betelgeuse’s light from reaching Earth. The team also used data from Japan’s [Himawari-8 weather satellite](https://himawari8.nict.go.jp), which by chance observed Betelgeuse in the background of its Earth observations. Dupree describes this pulsation period as the star’s fundamental mode. Meanwhile, the roiling stellar surface was left with a giant wound that plasma expanded into, cooling along the way.

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